Trust and transparency
Evidence Methodology
How is the strength of evidence judged?
We rank sources from clinical guidelines and regulators, through systematic reviews and randomised trials, to observational studies, expert commentary and clinic or patient anecdotes. When sources disagree, we report the disagreement and prioritise the current guideline position.
Private & confidential enquiry. You do not need to call.
Source hierarchy
| Level | Source type | How it is used |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Clinical guidelines and regulators | Current recommendations, safety warnings and regulatory framing. |
| 2 | Systematic reviews and meta-analyses | Total evidence and its heterogeneity. |
| 3 | Randomised controlled trials | Comparative efficacy and adverse events, with limits stated. |
| 4 | Prospective or observational studies | Used cautiously where stronger evidence is absent. |
| 5 | Expert commentary | Context, not to override primary evidence. |
| 6 | Clinic observations and patient anecdotes | Can raise questions but cannot establish safety or effectiveness. |
When sources disagree
We report the disagreement and prioritise the current guideline position. For PRP and ED, positive trials exist alongside a negative placebo-controlled trial, and protocols vary, so we describe PRP as experimental rather than proven.
Frequently asked questions
Which sources carry the most weight?
Clinical guidelines and regulators come first, followed by systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials. Clinic observations and patient anecdotes cannot establish safety or effectiveness.
What happens when sources disagree?
We report the disagreement and prioritise the current guideline position. For PRP and ED, positive trials exist alongside a negative placebo-controlled trial, so PRP is described as experimental.
Related guides
Send your case for confidential review
You do not need to know which treatment you need. Share a few details and the clinic can advise which options may be relevant to your case.
- 1. Send your caseAbout 2 minutes, private.
- 2. Coordinator contacts youBy WhatsApp, phone or email.
- 3. Doctor assessmentThe urologist decides suitability.
Private & confidential enquiry. You do not need to call.
This page provides general information and does not diagnose ED or decide whether a treatment is suitable for you. Suitability and expected benefit vary between patients and are decided after medical assessment. Treatments described as experimental or investigational are discussed with full informed consent. Seek urgent care for chest pain, new neurological symptoms, penile injury or an erection lasting more than four hours.